Comprehensive review of the expanding roles of the carnitine pool in metabolic physiology: beyond fatty acid oxidation Journal of Translational Medicine Springer Nature Link Impaired brain function improved by l carnitine in patients with cirrhosis: evaluation using near infrared spectroscopy Scientific Reports What supplements to be wary of as drug induced liver injuries rise in the U.S. How Healthy is Your Liver? Sussex Exclusive L carnitine is primarily synthesized in the liver from the amino acids lysine and methionine through a series of four enzymatic reactions, with the liver and kidneys converting the precursor butyrobetaine into active Carnitine Deficiency: What Is It, Causes, Symptoms, and More Osmosis